Enhance DNA Studies Through PCR

PCR or Polymerized chain reaction is a process of replicating DNA samples within a short interval of time. The key purpose of this technology is to provide more scope for research as a given piece of a specimen can be very rare to obtain. One of the key fields where it is used quite a lot is for studying cancer cells that usually multiply at a fast rate inside a human body.

The device that is used to perform this technique is called a Thermal cycler. This is quite an advanced machine and through improvements in technology; it has also developed in the past few years. It is futile to mention that the proper functioning of this equipment determines the success or failure of the technique that has been considered. Thus, there are a few key areas that are vital for consideration to ensure applicable results and in the following sections, those points will be discussed in brief. 


#1 Temperature Regulation

As the name suggests, the role of temperature is foremost essential to obtaining proper results. A DNA sample under consideration usually has three basic components which include deoxynucleotides, DNA polymerase, and primers. The primers are complementary to the DNA sample and are quite vital to the overall study. There are ideally three reactions involved and these include denaturing, annealing and extension.


Each of these steps has a different temperature requirement with the first step of around 94 to 98 degree, the second step having a bridge of 48 to 72 degrees and the final step ranging between 68 to 72 degrees. The device under consideration should be able to regulate the temperature properly in all of these processes and it needs to ensure that consistency is maintained for around 25 to 35 cycles as a small fluctuation can completely damage the sample. 


#2 Robustness

A typical Thermal Cycler needs to be robust and durable in its design. This is because; the conditions within the laboratory can change quite a lot depending on the seasons. Therefore, the humidity and temperature of the external environment could vary. Apart from that, the internal temperature of the device should not overheat the blocks, the display screen or the lid of the equipment.


This is because; such a condition will lead to fluctuation for the samples which will damage the experiment. Apart from that, once the process is complete, the specimen needs to be at around 4 degrees to ensure integrity and internal heating can cause problems to that as well. It can also cause differences between the expected data and the obtained data which will lead to discrepancies in results. 


End Note

PCR is a very delicate process and all of the aspects mentioned above need to be taken into consideration to ensure reliable results. While a typical PCR usually takes around 90 minutes, it is advisable to try performing it within 35 minutes to gain better efficiency.


This however means that all the temperature controls need to work perfectly and there needs to be uniformity in the entire process. Apart from that, the sample needs all kinds of saving from any form of condensation or corrosion to ensure the highest possible quality. 



References


https://analytik-jena.medium.com/a-guide-to-the-principle-of-icp-ms-and-its-applications-e6c81b7d7662

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